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Form fundamentals

Cadence

Your step rate — the single most powerful lever over the rest of your form.

Healthy range: 170–190 spm at easy-to-steady pace

What it is

Steps per minute, both feet. Higher cadence at the same pace means shorter steps that land closer to the body. 170+ at easy pace suits most adults; the old "exactly 180" rule is a myth, but low-160s and below invites trouble.

Why it matters

A 5-10% cadence increase measurably reduces braking forces, vertical oscillation, and load per step — it is the most evidence-backed single intervention in running form.

How we detect it

We extract each foot's contact rhythm from its trajectory via autocorrelation and sum the two feet — robust to pace changes mid-clip.

How to fix it

Change it gradually: +5% for a few weeks before going further. A metronome app on easy runs does the work; racing your own step count doesn't.

Recommended drills

  • Metronome runs at +5% cadence (3x/week)
  • Downhill strides with quick turnover (4x20s)
  • Count right-foot strikes for 30s — target 43+

Run these 2-3x per week. Expect to feel a change in form 4-6 weeks in.

Common symptoms when this is off

OverstridingBounceShin and knee load